The following presentation contains audio, images and video clips. It is intended to give an impression of Kinshasa and what is known as traditional music in Kinshasa. As this is a musicological study, sound plays a key role. It is worth putting on headphones and setting aside a few minutes at a time to follow the content.
The music was recorded during a rehearsal of the Ballet Umoja orchestra in Kinshasa. It is an arrangement in which several pieces from the Manyanga culture of the Kongo-Central province have been combined into a single piece.
I took this photo whilst preparing for a performance at a wedding. The group had been put together especially for the occasion. The skins of the ngomas are being warmed up so they can be tuned.
Kinshasa is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with an estimated population of over 16 million. It is home to a diverse mix of people from across the country as well as from abroad. Although Lingala is the lingua franca, alongside French and the three other official national languages – Ciluba, Kikongo and Kiswahili – there are also numerous other languages, local dialects and linguistic communities. These include Mongo, Teke, Pende, Mbala, Yaka, Ngongo, Hungani, Mbund, Tandu, Nianga, Tetela, Kuba, Chokwe, Lele, Songye… Due to the rural exodus, Kinshasa has become a melting pot that also reflects the conflicts plaguing the country.
The film features footage shot in Kinshasa. It was filmed during a production we were able to carry out at the Institut Français in 2024. There, it formed part of a performance. I have re-edited the footage to adapt it to the context used here. It is intended to give an impression of the cityscape, though only a small section is shown. The people who appear in the footage were chosen at random and are just representative in character.
There are a number of groups in Kinshasa that practise ‘musique folklorique’, and professional musicians and dancers often gained their initial experience and training through these traditions. Alongside publicly active groups that are booked for weddings or funerals, there are also countless references to so-called ‘traditional music’ in informal settings, such as private celebrations or musical improvisations, and it is not uncommon for metaphors in popular music to be inspired by traditional imagery. This means that the relationships between traditional, rural cultures, contexts and roles, and urban society are diverse and are particularly evident in musical developments. Below are some film clips showing music that can be described as ‘traditional’, as the repertoire consists primarily of pieces from various regions of the country played on traditional instruments. The footage was filmed in Kinshasa in 2024 and 2025.
The film features footage of rehearsals by Ballet Umoja, an orchestra dedicated to performing the country's various dance and musical traditions. The film showcases Pende culture. It is truly impressive to see how dance and musical movements are synchronised within the choreography.
The musician Bouton plays the Likembe solo, accompanied by a Likembe bass, a rattle and a small drum. Their music is associated with the Kongo-Central province.
Tandjolo describes himself as “Mutetela Premier”, the first of the Batetela. Here he plays the Lokombe together with his colleague Otshudi — an instrument made from a single piece of wood.
Kaas Ambiance is a group from the Mbuun people. They play the Langung, a musical bow that bears similarities to the Brazilian berimbau.
Papa Kayembe also plays Mbuun songs on the Langung. Here in the studio in preparation for a concert.
Pierrette Nsele Soyi and her group represent the so-called autochthonous or indigenous population from the Ingende area in Equateur province.
Rehearsals by Ballet Malebo, performing the same song from the Manyanga culture of the Kongo-Central region as shown at the beginning of the presentation.
The Ndara Manyanga is one of the few traditional string instruments currently in use in Kinshasa. Djikens, who plays here, also has a workshop where he builds the instruments.
Ballet Mbili presents a ceremony of the Basengele. The performance takes place in the Yolo Nord neighbourhood, in a side street where the group also regularly rehearses.
I have provided little additional information about the film recordings, as I think the images and music speak for themselves. If you are interested, please feel free to write to me and I will try to answer any questions. The musicians have naturally agreed to the publication of the material as part of the research project. They would like their music to be accessible to a wider audience.
As well as using film and audio recordings, I also work with interviews. Below you can read and listen to some excerpts in French. It is a good idea to listen to the audio recording whilst reading the text.
Click on the images
André Lokua Nkubiri is an instrument maker who specialises in traditional instruments. He runs a small shop at the Bongolo crossroads, where we met on several occasions. Lokua produces a wide range of traditional instruments and has also dedicated himself to their preservation. He works at the Musée National and the INA (Institut National des Arts). As well as being an instrument maker, he sees himself as a musician and ethnomusicologist, and it is clear that he is well versed in the subject.
Ameede Kilema is the long-standing artistic director of Ballet Umoja, one of the most well-known ballet companies in Kinshasa, which performs music and dance from a variety of Congolese cultures. Among other things, he speaks about the disappearance of traditional instruments.
Huguette Tolinga is one of the few women known as an instrumentalist and percussionist. She comes from Boende/Equateur and is involved in many contemporary projects. She tours Europe regularly, and we conducted an interview on the subject in Germany. We are now married. Here she speaks about Kinshasa and what the city means to her and her music.
Ta-Luyobisa is a xylophonist from the Kongo-Central region who has been living in Kinshasa for several years and has made a name for himself in both traditional and contemporary artistic circles. We discuss both specifically musical questions and questions about the city. In the background, the music of a neighbouring Christian church can be heard.
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Très bien
Je crois qu'il vient au bon moment d'en parler,la musique dite folk (traditionnelle) est une maternité de bcp de formes que vous avons à ce jour dont l'une est notamment la Roumba. Malheureusement,dans la connaissance de plusieurs elle ne trouve pas vraiment une expression. Y a une cassure importante entre les générations,or dans son sens authentique,le folk est un outil indispensable (communication, information,et autres rites ancestraux) qui définit notre souche. Mais l'on y prête attention. À travers les démarches de Phillip Kuhn,nous espérons que nous mettrons à profit des échanges sur le plan scientifique que social autour de notre culture par le biais de sa musique d'origine. Bravo pour ce travail
Je tiens à te féliciter chaleureusement toi Phillip cet artiste passionné qui accomplit un travail remarquable dans le domaine de l’ethnomusicologie. À travers tes recherches et ton engagement, tu contribue à mieux comprendre comment la musique traditionnelle évolue et trouve sa place au cœur de la capitale moderne.
Félicitation pour le travail et merci pour cet honneur mais je vais savoir si le travail fait parti de la thèse de doctorat et si oui si il est déjà soutenu.
Bonjour Philipp ! Bravo pour cette belle trouvaille 🇨🇩❤️